Upconversion nanoparticles demonstrate unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various aspects, inclu

Zinc oxide is a mineral renowned for its remarkable power to shield delicate skin. This gentle ingredient has long been utilized in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective characteristics. Establishing a physical defense on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively absorbs harmful r